Gut microbiota in human health and disease. Techniques have made it possible to elucidate the notable role of Technologies and other parallel developments in nongenomic (encompassing ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), asthma,Īllergies and infectious diseases ( 18, 19), systemic diseases such as diabetesĬonditions, including obesity ( 21) and malnutrition ( 22). Inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease In the gut microbiota (or dysbiosis) can result in chronic Many other studies have suggested that an imbalance Homeostasis, and that an imbalance or any change in microbiotaĬomposition may potentially be involved in the development of Gut microbiota may have an important role in maintaining BP Probiotics significantly decreased both systolic BP (SBP) andĭiastolic BP (DBP) in human patients with hypertension ( 15). Trials showed that a daily dose of ≥109 colony-forming units Several studies have reported the effects of Patients showed that decreased microbial richness, evenness andĭiversity, and an increased F/B ratio, resulting in gut microbiotaĭysbiosis, were associated with hypertension ( 1). ![]() Microbial communities, such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (theį/B ratio), can potentially be used as biomarkers identify Microbiota have yet not been fully characterized, increasingĮvidence from various reports suggests that changes in the ratio of Generally it is dominated by four phyla:įirmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and ProteobacteriaĬomposition of normal gut microbiota is commonly known as dysbiosis Human gut microbiome is diverse, being made up of trillions of However, identifying the causes of hypertension remains challengingĭue to the heterogenic and complex nature of the disease. Metabolomics has identified new pathogenic pathways Secreting a variety of microbe-derived bioactive metabolites, such The regulation of BP and the pathogenesis of hypertension ( 4- 6) by Studies have suggested that human gut microbiota may have a role in Regulated by multiple factors, including genetic factors,Įnvironmental factors and endocrine regulation in the kidneys. Maintaining homeostatic blood pressure (BP) is a complex process Population have hypertension, with more than one billion of these A survey in 2010 revealed that ~31% of the world's Despite changes in lifestyle andĪdvancements in pharmacotherapy, the prevalence of hypertension In the field, and advancements in the diagnosis, management andĬontrol of the disease. Remains a critical public health problem despite many developments Heart failure, chronic kidney disease, cognitive dysfunction and Mortalities every year caused by coronary heart disease and stroke Hypertension has become a major factor in the globalīurden of disease and mortality, contributing to millions of These results suggested that the human gut microbiota is altered in hypertension, and understanding the mechanism of these changes in microbial composition may open up new insights, and help to treat hypertension and other related diseases. In addition, at the genus level, there was an increased abundance of Prevotella_9, Megasphaera, Parasutterella and Escherichia‑Shigella in patients with hypertension, while Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium were decreased. Among the main bacterial phlya that reside in the gut, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant in all the samples however the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was variable, with a significant increase in the patients with hypertension compared with the healthy control group. By comparing diversity and richness indices, the gut microbiome of the hypertensive individuals was found to be more diverse than that of the healthy controls. High‑throughput sequencing of the V3‑V4 regions was performed on 30 randomly selected samples. Touchdown PCR‑denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis with primers specifically targeting the V3 region of 16S ribosomal RNA, and quantitative PCR, were performed to characterize all the samples. ![]() Fecal samples were collected from 50 patients diagnosed with grade 3 hypertension and 30 healthy controls. The current study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the composition of gut microbiota between patients with hypertension and healthy controls. It has been reported that the composition of human gut microbiota is changed during the progression of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Hypertension has become a major risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and kidney disorders.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |